Actually, I was able to find the issue, in the meantime (not a fast thing to do, commenting methods one by one, etc., though).
In my code, I had this:
Var Result As CConnectionResult=PerformRequestSync(Cmd) //Execute an URLConnection request and return a CConnectionResult object. if Result<>nil and Result.ResultException<>nil then Raise Result.ResultException //If the PerformRequestSync method gets an exception, it is stored in the CConnectionResult object in that method. It’s then re-raised here.
It turns out the Xojo compiler doesn’t like this syntax for Android (it was fine for other platforms). I’ve not yet managed to work around this, just returning false if ResultException is not nil.
So the original error I got (raiseresult) looks to be “Raise Result” from the code quoted above, condensed.