With regards to building web apps with JavaScript or C#.
JavaScript, as we all know, is a browser client-side language, so you don’t typically build a web app just in JavaScript. You typically need a lot of other languages and infrastructure to put it all together.
But with that said, JavaScript did start out as a server-side interpreted language, when used in conjunction with a webserver that supported it.
JavaScript’s popularity has mainly been kept alive because of our reliance on it in browsers (and you can now build some simple Desktop and Mobile apps with it). But for the most part, the Server-side aspect of JavaScript was not well known except way back in the days of Classic ASP, when Microsoft called it JScript.
More recently Server-side JavaScript has gained new popularity because of Node.js It’s actually a pretty cool implementation, from the sounds of it, and can do a lot of network centric things like be a stand-alone webserver and you can build web apps in it.
This may be what your colleague from work was referring to? Presumably without know it 
But Node.js is all about writing scripts as far as I know. Aside from Visual Studio there may be some 3rd party or open-source IDE’s for it, but I doubt that any of them do much in the way of Xojo’s drag-and-drop features, including VS. So working in Node.js is probably much more time consuming to develop, relatively speaking. The learning curve is the easy part, if you already know some JavaScript.
Building web apps in C# on the other hand is a different story. It’s a valid question.
C# has a mature framework for building Webforms or MVC apps (as well as Web API, REST and other services, etc) and uses Microsoft’s Visual Studio. You can crank out some advanced functionality relatively quick. This is what I do for a living.
But achieving relatively quick in C# requires knowledge - lots of it. Depending on what you need, it’s either a steep learning curve or requires well-paid talent.
I’m going to take a wild guess and say that the reason this conversation at work started, was because someone wondered how they could scale-up one or more of your web applications?
If this is the case, then not anticipating scaling up from the beginning of the project is not an easy thing to fix afterwards - regardless of what the app was built in.
Disclaimer: I’m not familiar with Xojo Web apps or the Xojo “Cloud” (I’m here for the Desktop and Mobile goodies).
But maybe the Xojo Cloud is designed to scale automatically by just adding more servers? It’s worth asking, if you haven’t already. If it can, than the cost of those extra servers will be much less than extra staff.
Anyway, if you want to learn more about the principles of scaling a web app, let me know. I hope some of this helps.
My apologies for the long read and any wrong assumptions about your knowledge level.
All the best!