The 1’s complement of -1 is 1. For a 32 bit signed word using one’s complement, -1 shown as an uint32 should be 4294967294 (FFFFFFFE, negative 1, and it’s 1’s complement is 00000001). 2147483647 is 7FFFFFFF, the highest positive number for a 32 bit signed integer signed as 2’s complement (FFFFFFFF striped the sign bit). You got confused with 2’s complement and high non-negative or I misunderstood something.